Tinc Setup

Tinc is a self-routing, mesh networking protocol, used for compressed, encrypted, virtual private networks.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you will require root access on at least three Ubuntu 14.04 servers. Instructions to set up root access can be found here (steps 3 and 4): Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 14.04.

If you are planning on using this in your own environment, you will have to plan out how your servers need to access each other, and adapt the examples presented in this tutorial to your own needs. If you are adapting this to your own setup, be sure to substitute the highlighted values in the examples with your own values.

If you would like to follow this tutorial exactly, create two VPSs in the same datacenter, with private networking, and create another VPS in a separate datacenter. We will create two VPSs in the NYC2 datacenter and one in AMS2 datacenter with the following names:

• externalnyc: All of the VPN nodes will connect to this server, and the connection must be maintained for proper VPN functionality. Additional servers can be configured in a similarly to this one to provide redundancy, if desired.
• internalnyc: Connects to externalnyc VPN node using its private network interface
• ams1: Connects to externalnyc VPN node over the public Internet

Tinc Configuration

Tinc uses a “netname” to distinguish one Tinc VPN from another (in case of multiple VPNs), and it is recommended to use a netname even if you are only planning on configuring one VPN. We will call our VPN “netname” for simplicity.

Macbook, iPad and iPhone

The ping should work fine, and you should see some debug output in the other windows about the connection on the VPN. This indicates that ams1 is able to communicate over the VPN through externalnyc to internalnyc. This indicates that ams1 is able to communicate over the VPN through externalnyc to internalnyc.

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To log into your server initially, you will need to know your server’s public IP address and the password for the “root” user’s account. For servers on DigitalOcean, you will receive an email with your server credentials and the server’s IP address.

The root user is the administrative user in a Linux environment that has very broad privileges. Because of the heightened privileges of the root account, you are actually discouraged from using it on a regular basis. This is because part of the power inherent with the root account is the ability to make very destructive changes, even by accident.

In this guide, we’ll help you set up an alternative user account with a reduced scope of influence for day-to-day work. We’ll teach you how to gain increased privileges during the times when you need them. The first step is to log into your server, and the only account we start out with is the root account. We can connect to the server by using the ssh command in the terminal. The command will look like this:

ssh root@server_ip_address

You will most likely see a warning in your terminal window that looks like this:

The authenticity of host '123.123.123.123 (123.123.123.123)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerpring is
79:95:46:1a:ab:37:11:8e:86:54:36:38:bb:3c:fa:c0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

Here, your computer is basically telling you that it doesn’t recognize your remote server. Since this is your first time connecting, this is completely expected. Go ahead and type “yes” to accept the connection. Afterwards, you’ll need to enter the password for the root account.

Step Two — Change Your Password

You are not likely to remember the password that is currently set for your root account. You can change the password to something you will remember more easily by typing:

passwd

It will ask you to enter and confirm your new password. During this process, you will not see anything show up on your screen as you type. This is intentional and is there so that people looking over your shoulder cannot guess your password by the number of characters.

Step Three — Create a New User

At this point, we’re prepared to add the new user account that we will use to log in from now on. I’m going to name my user “demo”, but you can select whatever name you’d like:

adduser demo

You will be asked a few questions, starting with the account password. Fill out the password and, optionally, fill in any of the additional information if you would like. This is not required and you can just hit “ENTER” in any field you wish to skip.

Step Four — Root Privileges

To avoid having to log out of our normal user and log back in as the root account, we can set up what is known as “sudo” privileges for our normal account. This will allow our normal user to run commands with administrative privileges by putting the word “sudo” before each command. To add these privileges to our new account, we need to use a command called visudo. This will open a configuration file:

visudo

Scroll down until you find a section that deals with user privileges. It will look similar to this:

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

While this might look complicated, we don’t need to worry about that. All we need to do is add another line below it that follows the format, replacing “demo” with the user you created:

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
demo    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

After this is done, press CTRL-X to exit. You will have to type “Y” to save the file and then press “ENTER” to confirm the file location.

Step Five — Configure SSH (Optional)

Now that we have our new account, we can secure our server a little bit by modifying the configuration of SSH (the program that allows us to log in remotely). Begin by opening the configuration file with your text editor as root:

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

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I don’t believe you have to be better than everybody else. I believe you have to be better than you ever thought you could be.

var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
    res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
    res.end('Hello Worldn');
}).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/');

This video is a collaboration between Sheldon Neill and Colin Delehanty. All timelapses were shot on the Canon 5D Mark II with a variety of Canon L and Zeiss CP.2.

This whole project has been an amazing experience. The two of us became friends through Vimeo and explored a shared interest in timelapsing Yosemite National Park over an extended period of time. We’d like to expand this idea to other locations and would appreciate any suggestions for a future project.

Project Yosemite Website: http://projectyose.com
Facebook Page: http://facebook.com/projectyose
Twitter: http://twitter.com/projectyose
Contact info: info@projectyose.com

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL.

Cascading Style Sheets

Praesent malesuada leo quis varius tincidunt. Quisque tempor, tellus vitae imperdiet lacinia, arcu ante lacinia lectus, condimentum dictum nulla neque ut nunc. Cras cursus ultricies mauris sed dignissim. Integer blandit, quam eget sollicitudin placerat, metus tortor vestibulum tellus, facilisis pretium erat ligula a ipsum. Etiam tristique, eros in lacinia dictum, nibh sapien consequat sapien, ac varius sapien urna ut libero. Praesent vel euismod nunc. Curabitur a lacus turpis. Vivamus id tincidunt nisl. Suspendisse iaculis gravida tellus quis viverra. Quisque non tellus felis.

Declaration block

Cras lacus massa, posuere id pellentesque nec, pretium at urna. Cras gravida justo ut dui suscipit, nec convallis libero tincidunt. Donec ligula ipsum, adipiscing sed elementum eu, convallis non eros. Sed sit amet enim fermentum nibh feugiat luctus eu sit amet purus. Duis aliquam odio in urna cursus, sit amet convallis purus varius. Integer id enim tincidunt enim feugiat fermentum a non neque. Sed vel sap

Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types.

Progress Bar

The Progress Bar shortcode can be used to show the current status of a task. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

This shortcode includes a customization options for the accent color, label and status percentage. Any number of Percentage Bars can be added in series or by itself.

Accordion

The Progress Bar shortcode can be used to display secondary content which can be shown or hidden via user input. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

This shortcode includes a customization options for the title and its default state (open or closed). Any number of Accordions can be added in series or by itself.

Button

The Button shortcode can be used to display call to action type buttons. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

These buttons can be set to three different sizes of Standard, Large, and Extra Large. They can also contain a FontAwesome icon as demonstrated below.

As well as inline, these buttons can be set to block or centered. A centered button is idle for CTA (Call-to-Action) uses. A button link can also be set to open within a new tab, opposed to the active tab. Below is an example of a centered button.

This shortcode includes a customization options for the label, icons, accent color, size, and button style (rounded corners etc.). Any number of Buttons can be added in series or by itself.

Status Message

The Status Message shortcode can be used to display notifications. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

This shortcode includes a customization options for the title, associated icon, and notification style (Error, Success, Info etc). Any number of Status Messages can be added in series or by itself.

Annotation

The Annotation shortcode can be used to annotate text to images, text, tables, and other content types. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

Annotation Title

Annotation Text

This shortcode includes a customization options for the title, and annotation message. Any number of Status Messages can be added in series or by itself.

Block & Pull Quote

The Block Quote and Pull Quote shortcodes can be for easy access to quote formatting. Below is an example of these shortcodes in use with some dummy contents.

I don’t believe you have to be better than everybody else. I believe you have to be better than you ever thought you could be.

— Ken Venturi

Suspendisse euismod diam sit amet nisi faucibus fringilla. Integer fermentum arcu nec mi venenatis volutpat. Donec nec tristique justo. Phasellus iaculis eu metus at bibendum. Aliquam nec ipsum viverra, laoreet augue id, vehicula ipsum. Praesent iaculis pellentesque accumsan. Cras ac turpis accumsan, cursus velit et, eleifend erat. Phasellus mollis, risus non bibendum consequat, ante quam tincidunt magna, a scelerisque lacus tellus quis lorem.

Columns

The Columns shortcode can be used to split the single contents column into multiple columns. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

Two Columns

Four Columns

Six Columns

Tabs

The Tabs shortcode can be used to display related secondary content into tabbed containers. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

This shortcode includes a customization options for the title and its contents. Any number of Tabs can be added to a single container, and multiple containers can be used throughout the post or page.

Full Width Block

The Full Width shortcode can be used to display content with its width filling the availble space. Below is an example this shortcode in use.

This shortcode is primarily designed for images – but does provide support for other content types which would take advantage of the increased space.

Content Embeds

In addition to the included shortcodes, Severn fully supports the WordPress third-party service embeds, such as Twitter, Youtube, Vimeo, Facebook etc. More information on these embeds and their usage can be found within the WordPress documentation.